SHLRC/ANDOSL Acoustic-Phonetic Labels

Oral Stops

• Closure Phase: [p t k b d g]
• Incomplete Closure: [pH tH kH bH dH gH]
• Glottalised Closure (Complete or Incomplete): [p^ t^ k^ b^ d^g^]
• Release Phase for any of the above closures: [H] [HV]

Fricatives

• [F V T D s z S Z h]
• /h/ voiced throughout: [hV]
• Transition from Frictive or Stop Release to Liquids and Glides: [Ol Or Ow Oj]
• Labiodental or Interdental Fricative produced as Stop:
  • (Closure Phase) [f- T- D-]
  • (Release Phase) [fH TH DH]

Affricates

• Closure Phase: [t d]
• Burst following Closure: [H]
• Frication Phase: [S Z]

Sonorants

• [m n N]
• Syllabic Nasals: [=m =n =N]
• Voiceless Nasals following Fricatives: [Om On ON]
• Glottalised Nasals: [m^ n^ N^]
• Nasal Bursts: [mH nH NH]

Liquids and Glides

• [l r w j]
• Syllabic Liquids: [=l =r]
• Vocalic Dark /l/: vowel symbol + l eg. [o:l] [i:l] [Ul]
• /l/ Burst: [lH]
• Transition from Fricative or Stop Release to Liquids and Glides: [Ol Or Ow Oj]
• Glottalised Liquids and Glides: [l^ r^ w^ j^]
• Trilled/Rolled /r/: [rr]
• Intervocalic/Linking /r/: [r]
• /h/ like onset to /w/: [wH]

Vowels

• Short Vowels: [I U E @ O V A]
• Long Vowels: [i: u: e: @: o: a:]
• Diphthongs: [ei @u oi ai au i@ u@]
• Vowels at least partially glottalised: vowel symbol + ^ eg. [@^] [ai^]
• Vowels containing complete glottal stop: vowel symbol + C^
• Glottal Stop Closure between two Vowels (Complete or Incomplete Closure): symbol for following vowel + C eg. "glue oozed" transcribed [g l u: u:C u:^ z d H]
• Voicing between fricatives and glottal stops: [@+]

Miscellaneous

• Beginning of Utterance: [H#]
• Pause and/or Speech Fillers: [#]
• Indiscernible Boundary: symbols for both segments combined in the one label

Diacritics

• [?] uncertain of transcription; follows symbol for closest or expected phoneme eg. [O?] for first vowel in "coffee" pronounced with "American" accent
• [H] segment is a fricated release or characterised by fricative noise
• [^] segment glottalised partially or throughout
• [C] segment is a glottal stop between two vowels, follows symbol for subsequent vowel
• [C^] segment is an articulation of the one vowel, produced with a full glottal stop within it. This vowel may or may not contain other glottalisation.
• [=] syllabic segment
• [O] transition segment following fricative or stop release
• [+] additional part of speech signal, not labelled more specifically or narrowly. Not pause/speech fillers, but repetitions, comments, mistakes etc. of no interest from a narrower labelling point of view.